- Instruction Set Architecture connects Software and Hardware.
- Assembler is the lowest part of the Software.
- Processor, Memory, I/O System, Datapath & Control are the highest part of the Hardware.
- CPU & Memory are the minimum requirement of an operational model, and is called a 'Von Neumann Machine.'
- As users, we add components such as I/O devices, Display Monitors, Keyboard, Disks.
- A Bus is a high-speed internal connection used to send control signals and data between the processor and other components.
- It is crucial to know how the major components of a computer work.
- First, object code is entered into input device and then stored into memory.
- Next, the Processor fetches an instruction from the memory.
- Next, the Control decodes the instruction to determine what to execute.
- Next, the Datapath executes the instruction as directed by the Control Unit.
- This process of fetching -> decoding -> executing is repeated.
- Lastly, at program completion, the data to be an output resides in memory, and the exits with the output device.
- The Von Neumann architecture is a stored program computer.
- This means that memory holds program(a set of instructions : arithmetic, move, in/out) to execute a specific task
- The CPU executes instructions sequentially one at a time.
- Each CPU has its own instruction set. This means that the instructions of an Intel CPU and ARM CPU might differ.
- There exists a single path between CPU and Memory. One path is for address, the other is for data & instructions.
- Due to the set of instructions mentioned above, Von Neumann Machine is called Instruction Set Architecture(ISA).
ex) "mov r0, r1", "add r0, 55", "jmp 100" : consisted of operation + operands
- The instructions are classified into 4 groups, 'Data Movement', 'Transfer of Control', 'Arithmetic/logical', 'Input/Output'.
- While Machine code is numeric code executable by CPU, Assembly Code is actually a symbolic code that will be translated into Machine Code by the Assembler.
- There exists an One to One Mapping between the Assembly Code Instructions and Machine Code Instruction.
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